NYC to sift construction debris for remains of 9/11 victims

By NBCNewYork.com

The city has collected about 60 dump truck loads of debris from construction areas around the World Trade Center site over the past two and a half years that will be sifted for fragments of 9/11 victims' remains, officials announced Friday.?

The debris has been collected from the World Financial Center, West Street and a lot near Liberty Street since the last sifting operation in mid-2010.

The material amounts to 590 cubic yards -- 38 from the WTC, 13 from the western edge of the southbound lanes of West Street and 539 from the Liberty Street area, where four pieces of possible human remains have already been found.

The material will be combed for about 10 weeks starting Monday at a mobile sifting unit set up on Staten Island, city officials said.

Any human remains will be analyzed by the medical examiner's office for possible matches to 9/11 victims. Of the 2,750 people killed at the trade center, 1,634 have had remains identified.

More on NBCNewYork.com

"We will continue DNA testing until all recovered remains that can be matched with a victim are identified," Deputy Mayor Cas Holloway wrote Friday in a memo to Mayor Bloomberg.

The city expanded its search for remains of trade center victims in 2006, when several bones were found in a manhole.?

Since the discovery of the manhole bones, the city has sifted debris from various construction sites and subterranean areas surrounding the 16-acre trade center site. More than 1,800 pieces of potential human remains have been found.?

The office has made 34 new identifications since 2006, and hundreds of fragments of remains have been matched to people who were already identified.

Source: http://feeds.nbcnews.com/c/35002/f/653381/s/2a26bd78/l/0Lusnews0Bnbcnews0N0C0Inews0C20A130C0A30C30A0C175246270Enyc0Eto0Esift0Econstruction0Edebris0Efor0Eremains0Eof0E9110Evictims0Dlite/story01.htm

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Web Hosting Reviews: Why You Need to Combine Your Web ...

If you run a web design business, then you probably know how the
industry is on demand. Many clients seek the services on a daily basis
owing to many opportunities available over the internet. Even so, you
need to consider combining your business with web hosting services.
Doing so will enable you to make a lot of profits, not to mention that it
can guarantee you constant clients. The reason this is so is because
most aspiring online clients are first concerned with setting up the
website, and not web hosting services. In fact, some of them are not
even aware that web hosting services facilitate the functionality of
their websites.

If therefore you offer website designing services plus web hosting services, you are better positioned to capture those clients that have not yet identified a web host. You can do this easily by mentioning to them about additional services needed for full functionality of their website. You will be surprised at how fast they are willing to embrace your web hosting services. The reason for this is simple - many people need a central place they can go to get full services regarding their websites. Within no time, you will find that a few more dollars are added to your account each month. If you manage to source for more clients, you will get a lot of returns.

To start you off though, you need to do the basics. This means that you need to get a reseller website hosting account. This account will enable you to host all your clients websites without interruption. While it costs you to acquire one, the benefits you get from it are appealing. For instance, you can easily get $50 per month from each of the website hosted in this account. As you grow in this industry, many clients are going to use your host. Therefore, the income realized will be much greater.

In order to get the best out of web hosting services though, you need to keep each client's site on separate pools. On the same line, ensure to assign different application settings to different sites, and keep them in different log files. This will reduce serial multiplication of a problem if one ever get busy, or develops any other problem. This also helps you to sort out the problem for your clients quickly.
The good thing about reseller web hosting account is the fact that it is cheap and reasonable. In fact, there are different packages tailored to suit your desires and abilities. For instance, if you have a small client base, there are packages that can be purchased at lower prices. Because of this, you stand no chance of making loses.

Another advantage of embracing reseller web hosting account is the fact that you do not have to undergo the billing stress, system support, hosting plans and such like problems. All you need is just purchase one of the reseller website hosting packages, and your bank account can start expanding each month.
Web design services are one of the most sought after services. But do not be limited to them alone, although you should not loose your focus either. What you should do is let your web design business market your web hosting services. After that, build a client base over time that will make an impact not only in your generation but even many more to come.

Source: http://www.web-hosting-reviews.info/2013/03/why-you-need-to-combine-your-web-design.html

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Obama attends Syracuse-Marquette basketball game

WASHINGTON (AP) ? President Barack Obama attended one of the weekend's big college basketball games after playing a round of golf Saturday.

Obama's motorcade took him directly from a golf course at Andrews Air Force Base in suburban Maryland to Washington's Verizon Center to watch Syracuse and Marquette play for a berth in the Final Four of the NCAA basketball tournament. He left shortly before the end of the game, which Syracuse won 55-39.

With less than 11 minutes remaining in the first half of the East Regional final, Obama appeared on the Jumbotron suspended above the Verizon Center court. He sat with Reggie Love, his former personal aide at the White House and a member of the Duke team that won the NCAA championship in 2001. At least one other friend, Marty Nesbitt, also sat with the president. Also joining Obama was NCAA President Mark Emmert.

The audience responded with loud applause when Obama was shown on the huge screen, and he smiled and waved.

In the men's tournament, Obama picked Indiana and Louisville to meet in the championship game in Atlanta, with Indiana claiming the title. But it's not meant to be ? Indiana was defeated by Syracuse. Louisville is scheduled to play Duke on Sunday in Indianapolis.

Obama said earlier this week that "my women's (NCAA tournament) bracket is doing much better than my men's bracket."

Earlier Saturday, Obama played golf for the first time since automatic spending cuts known as the sequester went into effect on March 1.

Some conservatives have called on Obama to give up golf since popular public tours of the White House have been canceled because of the budget cuts. The White House has said the tours were canceled to keep Secret Service agents from being furloughed because of the spending reductions.

Obama played golf with Nesbitt and two White House aides.

___

Follow Darlene Superville on Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/dsuperville

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/obama-attends-syracuse-marquette-basketball-game-214139628--politics.html

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Cyprus bank's big savers to lose up to 60 percent

NICOSIA, Cyprus (AP) ? Big depositors at Cyprus' largest bank may be forced to accept losses of up to 60 percent, far more than initially estimated under the European rescue package to save the country from bankruptcy, officials said Saturday.

Deposits of more than 100,000 euros ($128,000) at the Bank of Cyprus will lose 37.5 percent in money that will be converted into bank shares, according to a central bank statement. In a second raid on these accounts, depositors also could lose up to 22.5 percent more, depending on what experts determine is needed to prop up the bank's reserves. The experts will have 90 days to figure that out.

The remaining 40 percent of big deposits at the Bank of Cyprus will be "temporarily frozen" until further notice, but continue to accrue existing levels of interest plus another 10 percent.

The savings converted to bank shares would theoretically allow depositors to eventually recover their losses. But the shares now hold little value and it's uncertain when ? if ever ? the shares will regain a value equal to the depositors' losses.

Emergency laws passed last week empower Cypriot authorities to take these actions.

Europe has demanded that big depositors in the country's two largest banks ? Bank of Cyprus and Laiki Bank ? accept across-the-board losses in order to pay for Cyprus' 16 billion euro ($20.5 billion) bailout. All deposits of up to 100,000 are safe, meaning that a saver with 500,000 euros in the bank will only suffer losses on the remaining 400,000 euros.

Cypriot officials had previously said that large savers at Laiki ? which would be absorbed in to the Bank of Cyprus ? could lose as much as 80 percent. But they had said large accounts at the Bank of Cyprus would lose only 30 to 40 percent.

Analysts said Saturday that imposing bigger losses on Bank of Cyprus customers could further squeeze already crippled businesses as Cyprus tries to rebuild its banking sector in exchange for the international rescue package.

"Most of the damage will be done to businesses which had their money in the bank" to pay suppliers and employees, said University of Cyprus economics Professor Sofronis Clerides. "There's quite a difference between a 30 percent loss and a 60 percent loss."

With businesses shrinking, the country could be dragged down into an even deeper recession, he said.

There's also concern that large depositors ? including many wealthy Russians ? will take their money and run once capital restrictions that Cypriot authorities have imposed on bank transactions to prevent such a possibility are lifted in about a month.

Cyprus agreed on Monday to make bank depositors with accounts over 100,000 euros contribute to the financial rescue in order to secure 10 billion euros ($12.9 billion) in loans from the eurozone and the International Monetary Fund. Cyprus needed to scrounge up 5.8 billion euros ($7.4 billion) on its own in order to clinch the larger package, and banks had remained shut for nearly two weeks until politicians hammered out a deal, opening again on Thursday.

But fearing that savers would rush to pull their money out in mass once banks reopened, Cypriot authorities imposed a raft of restrictions, including daily withdrawal limits of 300 euros ($384) for individuals and 5,000 euros for businesses ? the first so-called capital controls that any country has applied in the eurozone's 14-year history.

Under the terms of the bailout deal, the country' second largest bank, Laiki ? which sustained the most damaged from bad Greek debt and loans ? is to be split up, with its nonperforming loans and toxic assets going into a "bad bank." The healthy side will be absorbed into the Bank of Cyprus.

On Saturday, economist Stelios Platis dismissed the rescue plan as "completely mistaken" and criticized Cyprus' euro area partners for insisting on foisting Laiki's troubles on the Bank of Cyprus.

Clerides said it appears that some euro area countries such as Germany and Finland wanted to see the end of Cyprus as an international financial services center, while others, such as eurogroup chief Jeroen Dijsselbloem, wanted to use the country as an "guinea pig" to send the message that European taxpayers would no longer shoulder the burden of bailing out problem banks.

But German Finance Minister Wolfgang Schaeuble challenged that notion, insisting in an interview with the Bild daily published Saturday that "Cyprus is and remains a special, isolated case" and doesn't point the way for future European rescue programs.

____

AP business correspondent Geir Moulson contributed from Berlin.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/bank-cyprus-big-savers-lose-60-percent-135608668--finance.html

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Hulk Hogan $100M sex tape lawsuit to Fla. court

Gerardo Mora / Getty Images

Terry "Hulk Hogan" Bollea.

By Eriq Gardner, The Hollywood Reporter

In wrestling parlance, Hulk Hogan has just prevailed into pushing Gawker into a more favorable ring to fight a $100 million lawsuit over his leaked sex tape.

On Wednesday, a judge determined that Gawker's attempt to remove Hogan's lawsuit from Florida state court into a federal courtroom was improper. Hogan now has a chance to show how his privacy was invaded before a hometown judge.

To recap, Gawker posted a short excerpt in October of a a 30-minute Hulk Hogan sex tape as well as an essay by A.J. Daulerio that muses about how "we love to watch famous people have sex."

PHOTOS: '80s Action Stars: Where are they now?

Hogan (born Terry Bollea) then sued, alleging a host of legal violations including invasion of his privacy, publication of private facts, misappropriation of his publicity rights and infliction of emotional distress. The former professional wrestler and reality TV star then added a copyright claim in an attempt to score an injunction, but a judge denied the effort because Hogan had failed to demonstrate an immediate and irreparable injury.

Bad judge, Hogan might have thought, willing to defer to the First Amendment so quickly. In response, Hogan, represented by attorney Charles Harder, decided it might be better to find a new judge.

The federal lawsuit was dropped, and a state lawsuit was filed -- this time joining Gawker as a defendant with Heather Clem, his partner in the video who is alleged to have had a role in leaking it.

Gawker then removed the lawsuit back to federal court and blasted Hogan's attorneys for a maneuver "so egregious as to constitute fraudulent joinder."

Hulk Hogan Turns on President Obama on Fox News, Dismisses '9-9-9' Plan

It turns out that Gawker executed the wrong move. On Wednesday, Judge James Whittemore agreed to grant Hogan's motion to remand the case back to state court. Here's the full ruling.

The judge rejects Gawker's arguments that Hogan can't bring a viable claim against Clem because the statute of limitations had expired on when they had sex on tape. "While the date of recording appears on the face of the First Amended Complaint, there are no allegations concerning the date of Heather Clem's alleged publication that would enable an evaluation of the statute of limitations at this stage," writes the judge.

And the judge sees enough commonality in Hogan's claims against Gawker and Clem that he feels the two were properly joined. Citing things like the sex video's chain of custody, the judge says, "The claims against Heather Clem and Gawker are 'logically related' and rest on the same set of operative facts -- namely, the recording and publication of the video."

Gawker was also unsuccessful in arguing that federal law questions existed in the case that would make it more natural in a federal court. The website couldn't, for example, show that Hogan's privacy claims raised constitutional questions nor that Hogan's claims were preempted by federal copyright law. The judge determines that "even though Bollea seeks to regulate and control the distribution and display of the video," his privacy claims require "proof of separate elements," which makes them "qualitatively different from a copyright infringement action."

Therefore, the case goes back to a Florida state court. There, Gawker can continue to raise its defense that that the information it published was newsworthy and protected by the First Amendment. The website still stands a good chance of ultimately prevailing. But the ruling this week likely means that Gawker won't be scoring any quick pin in the battle and will be fighting on turf that's a whole lot less certain and comfortable.

More in TODAY Entertainment:

Source: http://todayentertainment.today.com/_news/2013/03/29/17515349-hulk-hogan-100-million-sex-tape-suit-headed-to-florida-courtroom?lite

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Understanding Acne Risks | Tips on Food Fitness Life Love

There are several factors that trigger risks of acne. It is important to understand these factors to be able to fight off acne and promote healthy, clear, and glowing skin.

First, it is important to understand that the tendency to develop acne runs in families. Hence, you are more likely to develop the condition if your parents suffered from the same. It has been proved that the risk of developing acne is highest during teenage. Another common period that is popular for acne development is young adult years.

During teenage, hormones such as testosterone are at their peak and keep on increasing. Women at the age of menstruation can also develop acne. Many women are known to have experienced acne flare-ups in the days just before their menstrual periods.

There are certain factors that can make acne worse or irritate the condition more. Some of these include the following listed below:

Skin Abuse

Wearing straps or other tight-fitting items that rub against the skin can promote irritation. Football players who wear shoulder pads may also experience the same problem.

Excess and Constant Rubbing

Using equipment that rubs against the body constantly is harmful. For instance, a violin that is held between the shoulder and cheek can make the condition worse. Other elements such as helmets, headbands, bra straps, turtleneck sweaters may also cause acne to get worse.

Products

Using certain skin and hair care products that contain irritating substances is harmful. This can trigger acne or make it worse.

Washing and Scrubbing

Washing the face too often or scrubbing the face too hard can develop acne.

Touch Me Not

Most people have a habit of touching the face a lot. This tends to irritate the skin or allow germs, dust, and other elements enter the skin pores. This can develop or aggravate acne.

Soap and Water

It is crucial to stay away from harsh soaps that keep disturb the pH balance of skin. Washing face with very hot water can also cause acne to get worse.

Medications

Certain medicines, such as corticosteroids, types of barbiturates, or lithium can cause acne. Those who take anabolic steroids are also at risk for getting acne.

Stress

Research and studies have proved that experiencing a lot of stress can make the condition worse.

Excess Sweating

People who sweat a lot or indulge in activities that make them sweat a lot are at risk of developing acne.

Hair on Face

If you adopt styles such as bangs, fringes or like having hair hanging in the face, the chances of developing acne are bright. This is because hair makes the skin oilier.

You may also interested in:

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Source: http://www.foodfitnesslifelove.com/beauty/understanding-acne-risks/

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Shorter Winters Chip Away at New York State Logging Town's Future

Shorter winters are shortening upstate New York's timber harvest. Image: Flickr/JOHN NORTHRUP

TUPPER LAKE, N.Y. ? Scott Lizotte was hopeful as he pulled his iPhone out of the breast pocket of his flannel shirt. "It's going to be six degrees tonight," he said, studying the 10-day forecast. It's mid-March, and he's standing between a skidder and a log loader in a snowy clearing of a 12,000-acre private forest near Tupper Lake, a former lumber town in New York's Adirondack Mountains.

The ground is deeply rutted from rain two days ago, but the return of cold has frozen it hard as blacktop. The forecast is good news for Lizotte and his logging crew, who need a frozen base of six inches to support the heavy feller-bunchers, skidders and trucks that cut and haul logs. Because deep cold provides a firm surface on which to move through the forest, winter is the most productive time of year for northern loggers, but winter is getting shorter.

"We used to go on the job when the ground was frozen, around the first of November, or around Thanksgiving," said Scott's father, Jeannel Lizotte. "Now it's going around Christmas time."

Added Scott: "This year it was New Year's before we got on the winter roads."

From stump to mill, some 57,000 people are employed in New York State's forest-products industry, 10 percent of them working in the woods. As much as 35 to 45 percent of the timber harvest across northern New York and New England happens in winter.?

Birch, beech and hemlock
The Lizottes' clearing is at the center of a mixed stand of birch, beech and hemlock. The site is reached by a mile of gravel-hardened dirt road; when it's frozen the corridor can handle a 100,000-pound tractor-trailer loaded with logs. The Lizottes estimate they have until the end of this week to get their gear out of the woods before this road goes soft. They've already pulled equipment from plots 10 miles deeper in the forest; those stands were reached only by "winter roads," temporary routes created by earth, frost and graders. "It used to be we'd shoot for March 15," Jeannel said, "but we got caught out too many times."

Jeannel Lizotte says he has lost about a month of productive time to warmer winter weather since he started his logging business in 1970. His observations parallel those of a Wisconsin study presented last week at the Connecticut Conference on Natural Resources. "Frozen ground is starting later and it's ending earlier. A trend is evident," said Chadwick Rittenhouse, an assistant research professor at University of Connecticut.

He and Adena Rissman, an assistant professor with the University of Wisconsin's department of forest and wildlife ecology, examined historical weather information from the federal government's National Climatic Data Center for seven counties in Wisconsin. They found that the counties experienced a two- to four-week reduction of frozen ground between 1949 and 2012.

The study also found that midwinter thaws are becoming more common, reducing cold-weather logging from the middle of the season.

38 days lost
"Eau Claire County is one of the most dramatic counties: 38 days of frozen ground lost since the beginning of that time series in 1949," Rittenhouse said. "That's only 60 years and we've lost ... five weeks, almost six weeks. What does that mean for forest operations?"

Rittenhouse and Rissman compared harvest records for public lands against a variety of weather information. Something jumped out: a tie between less-predictable thaws and the type of trees cut: As winter conditions grow more variable, Wisconsin loggers are switching to jack pine and cedar, which favor sandy, well-drained soils. "There's kind of always a mid-winter thaw, and typically it's not more than a couple of days. Well, now we have midwinter thaw part one, then we have midwinter thaw two and midwinter thaw three," Rittenhouse said. "The short story, or the analysis, is that variability in the thaw duration drives the timber harvest."

Source: http://rss.sciam.com/click.phdo?i=f2dda87722d87492bd219f50b8a217c6

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Taylor Swift to Guest Star on New Girl

Source: http://www.thehollywoodgossip.com/2013/03/taylor-swift-to-guest-star-on-new-girl/

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Panasonic's Developed a Simple Sensor Tweak That Vastly Improves Low Light Photography

Researchers at Panasonic's imaging division have found a way to increase the sensitivity of digital camera sensors, which in turn equates to almost double the brightness in photos taken in low light conditions. But the discovery has nothing to do with the sensor itself; instead, the company's improved the color processing filter placed in front of it. More »

Source: http://feeds.gawker.com/~r/gizmodo/full/~3/CWeHBHODrpQ/panasonics-developed-a-simple-sensor-tweak-that-vastly-improves-low-light-photography

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US-Russian crew blasts off for space station

The Soyuz-FG rocket booster with Soyuz TMA-08M space ship carrying a new crew to the International Space Station, ISS, blasts off at the Russian leased Baikonur cosmodrome, Kazakhstan, Friday, March 29, 2013. The Russian rocket carries Russian cosmonauts Alexander Misurkin, Pavel Vinogradov and U.S. astronaut Christopher Cassidy. (AP Photo/Dmitry Lovetsky)

The Soyuz-FG rocket booster with Soyuz TMA-08M space ship carrying a new crew to the International Space Station, ISS, blasts off at the Russian leased Baikonur cosmodrome, Kazakhstan, Friday, March 29, 2013. The Russian rocket carries Russian cosmonauts Alexander Misurkin, Pavel Vinogradov and U.S. astronaut Christopher Cassidy. (AP Photo/Dmitry Lovetsky)

Russian Cosmonauts Alexander Misurkin, right, Pavel Vinogradov, center, and U.S. astronaut Christopher Cassidy, crew members of the mission to the International Space Station, ISS, walk prior the launch of Soyuz-FG rocket at the Russian leased Baikonur Cosmodrome, Kazakhstan, Thursday, March 28, 2013. (AP Photo/Dmitry Lovetsky, Pool)

The Soyuz-FG rocket booster with Soyuz TMA-08M space ship carrying a new crew to the International Space Station (ISS), blasts off at the Russian leased Baikonur Cosmodrome, Kazakhstan, Friday, March 29, 2013. The Russian rocket carries Russian cosmonauts Alexander Misurkin, Pavel Vinogradov and U.S. astronaut Christopher Cassidy (AP Photo/Dmitry Lovetsky)

Russian Cosmonauts Alexander Misurkin, right, and U.S. astronaut Christopher Cassidy, crew members of the mission to the International Space Station, ISS, wave prior the launch of Soyuz-FG rocket at the Russian leased Baikonur Cosmodrome, Kazakhstan, Thursday, March 28, 2013. (AP Photo/Dmitry Lovetsky, Pool)

In this picture taken through a safety glass, Russian cosmonauts Pavel Vinogradov, crew member of the mission to the International Space Station (ISS), is seen during inspection of his space suit prior the launch of Soyuz-FG rocket at the Russian leased Baikonur Cosmodrome, Kazakhstan, Thursday, March 28, 2013. (AP Photo/Ramil Sitdikov, Pool)

BAIKONUR, Kazakhstan (AP) ? A Russian spacecraft carrying a three-man crew blasted off Friday from a launch pad in the steppes of Kazakhstan, for the first time taking a shorter path to the International Space Station.

Instead of the two-day approach maneuver used by Soyuz spacecraft in the past, this journey to the station would take NASA astronaut Chris Cassidy and Russians Pavel Vinogradov and Alexander Misurkin just under six hours.

The Soyuz TMA-08M lifted off on time from the Russian-leased Baikonur cosmodrome at 2:43 a.m. Friday (2043 GMT; 4:43 p.m. EDT Thursday). It's set to dock at the space outpost at 10:32 p.m. EDT Thursday (0232 GMT Friday).

The trio are "on a fast track to the International Space Station," NASA spokesman Josh Byerly said, adding minutes after the launch that all was going well and the spacecraft went into orbit without any problems.

The new maneuver has been tested successfully by three Russian Progress cargo ships, an unmanned version of the Soyuz used to ferry supplies to the space station.

Vinogradov joked at a pre-launch news conference at Baikonur that the journey to the station would be so quick that it could allow the crew to even carry ice cream as a present to the three men currently manning the orbiting outpost.

"It wouldn't melt in such a short time," he said.

On a more serious note, Vinogradov added that the shorter flight path would reduce the crew's fatigue and allow astronauts to be in top shape for the docking. He said that it takes about five hours for the human body to start feeling the impact of zero gravity, so the quicker flight would allow the crew to more easily adapt to weightlessness in much roomier space station interiors.

The downside of the accelerated rendezvous is that the crew will have to stay in their spacesuits, which they don hours before the launch, through the entire approach maneuver.

Other Russian cosmonauts in the past have described the two-day approach maneuver in the cramped Soyuz as one of the most grueling parts of missions to the orbiting station. The spheroid orbiting capsule allows the crew to take off their bulky spacesuits, change into more comfortable clothes and use a toilet, but its interior is extremely confined.

The ship's spartan layout lacks adequate heating and fails to provide an opportunity for the crew to get hot food. It contrasts sharply with the spacious U.S. space shuttle, whose retirement has left Soyuz as the only means to deliver crews to the space outpost.

Russian space officials said the longer approach was necessary at a time when the station was in a lower orbit required for the shuttle flights. After they ended, it was raised from 350 kilometers (217 miles) to 400 kilometers (249 miles), making a quicker rendezvous possible.

NASA is working on the development of its new generation Orion spacecraft. Orion's first trip is an unmanned mission in 2017, and the first manned mission is set for 2021.

___

Associated Press writer Vladimir Isachenkov in Moscow contributed to this report.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/cae69a7523db45408eeb2b3a98c0c9c5/Article_2013-03-28-Space%20Station/id-9d2dc4e2d15a4173886d5dfea6dbea3a

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Yes We Cannabis: The Legalization Movement Plots Its Next 4 Years (Atlantic Politics Channel)

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Live Updates: Day 2 of Gay Marriage at the Supreme Court

Refresh here throughout the day for color from inside and outside the Supreme Court as justices hear arguments on gay marriage.

All times are E.T.

Today is the second day of arguments at the Supreme Court over gay marriage. The justices will consider the second separate case.

Yesterday, the Justices considered whether the California gay marriage ban enacted by Proposition 8 is constitutional.

Read what went on both inside and outside the courtroom from yesterday's live updates here.

Today, lawmakers will hear arguments about the federal Defense of Marriage Act, which was passed with broad bipartisan support in 1996 and signed into law by President Bill Clinton. DOMA defines marriage as between one man and a woman and denies federal benefits to same-sex couples who are legally married in their states.

But as states begin to OK gay marriage - nine currently allow it - same-sex married couples will expect the same federal benefits that straight couples get.

Back to top

10:45 a.m. - New Jersey Politicians for Gay Marriage

Sen. Frank Lautenberg changed his avatar on Twitter to show support for same-sex marriage.

All legal marriages deserve federal recognition & the benefits that come with it. #DOMA must go! #SCOTUS #UnitedforMarriage

? Frank R. Lautenberg (@FrankLautenberg) March 27, 2013

Newark Mayor Cory Booker also changed his avatar and tweeted back at followers who had condemned his decision.

"God's law" has been used 2 subjugate women, blacks & even justify slavery. RT @ yung_boss Is the law of the land more sacred over God's law?

? Cory Booker (@CoryBooker) March 27, 2013

New Jersey is not one of the nine states where gay marriage is legal. In February of 2012 Republican Gov. Chris Christie vetoed a bill that would have legalized it.

Back to top

10:39 a.m. - Pro-Gay Rights Crowd Trumps Marriage Equality Protesters

ABC's Matthew Larotonda reports from outside the Supreme Court:

The plaza in front of the Court is nearly as packed as it was yesterday, albeit at lower density. Overflow is starting to form across the street in front of the Capitol. Once again gay rights demonstrators dwarf their opposition. A handful of traditional marriage conservatives can be found among the crowd, which numbers at least a thousand.

Marcos Dominguez-German is one of those in the majority and was one of the first demonstrators to appear early in the morning.

Dominguez-German became a U.S. citizen after seeking asylum for "persecution" of his homosexuality in his native Brazil. He is legally married in Massachusetts.

"If I didn't have that asylum and just married my husband I wouldn't be able to stay here," he said. "I wouldn't be able to stay here because the federal government doesn't recognize same sex marriages."

Clutching his two small dogs and a gay pride flag, he said the government's failure to recognize all gay married couples amounted to "taxation without representation."

There is yet a third faction here, separated by a noticeable air gap: About a half dozen members of the Westboro Baptist Church.

"America is doomed" says one of their signs, and "God hates fags."

But not far off from their corner is another man holding a tote bag with a peculiar text emblazoned on the side: "God hates bags," it reads.

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9:41 a.m. - Rob Reiner: Meathead could help get Archie Bunker to back gay marriage

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9:14 a.m. - Inside the Supreme Court Today

ABC's Ariane de Vogue reports:

There will be opinions released at 10 a.m. and arguments will follow soon after. Arguments will be one hour and 50 minutes. Transcripts and audio will be released around noon.

At issue: Does a federal law that denies benefits to same sex couples who are legally married in their state violate the Constitution? When 83-year-old Edie Windsor's wife died, Windsor sought a refund of federal estate taxes that is available to married couples. She was denied under DOMA which defines marriage as between one man and one woman.

The fact that the case reached the Supreme Court reflects years of strategy on behalf of major gay rights groups. Initially, they didn't support the Prop 8 challenge because they felt the Justices might be more receptive to the DOMA case. It allows the Court to take a more gradual step on a divisive issue.

Read more on the Defense of Marriage Act here.

Jurisdictional issues up first Vicki C. Jackson, Court appointed lawyer - 20 minutes Deputy Solicitor General Sri Srinivasan - 15 minutes Paul D. Clement - 15 minutes Bipartisan Legal Advisory Group - 15 minutes

Merits: Paul D. Clement, BLAG - 30 minutes Solicitor General Donald B. Verrilli, Jr - 15 minutes Roberta A. Kaplan for Edie Windsor - 15 minutes

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9:00 a.m. - Westboro Baptist Church Protests Hearing

ABC's Matthew Larotonda and John Parkinson report the Westboro Baptist Church has more protesters out at today's hearing than they did yesterday.

Yesterday pro-marriage equality protesters countered the Church's group with their own signs and music, dancing right alongside the Westboro picketers.

Today they incorporated the group into their signs.

Love this guy's sign! Take that, Westboro Baptist Church! twitter.com/chrisjohnson82?

? Chris Johnson (@chrisjohnson82) March 27, 2013

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8:13 a.m. - Brands Come Out for Marriage Equality

Individual Facebook users weren't the only ones posting the red equal-sign to show their support for same-sex marriage. Yesterday Bud Light posted a photo on their Facebook feed, forming the equal-sign on a red background with two cans of their beer.

ABC's Jilian Fama will report throughout the day about what other brands are picking sides in these court cases. If you see some to include, tweet them to @ABCPolitics.

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7:15 a.m. - What's That Red Equal-Sign on Facebook All About?

ABC's Dan Milano reports:

They're popping up on Facebook news feeds around the nation, but without much explanation. Just what are those red equal-sign Facebook profile pictures all about? Look no further than the Human Rights Campaign, an organization in support of gay marriage that is running a particularly successful social media initiative as the Supreme Court discusses the issue over the next two days.

In a Facebook post yesterday, the HRC asked gay marriage supporters to "paint the town red," wearing red in their wardrobe as well on their Facebook pages, changing profile photos over to the HRC "=" logo. The idea has even caught the eyes of Congress, with 13 members showcasing the symbol, according to Ryan Beckwith.

Read more from Milano here.

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7:11 a.m. - Meet the People with the Most at Stake

The Supreme Court hears oral arguments in two landmark cases concerning gay marriage this week. Justices will consider the legal merit and standing of challenges to California's Proposition 8 law banning gay marriage and to the federal Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) that defines marriage as being between one man and one woman.

With lawyers and justices taking the stage now, it's easy to forget that everyday people have a stake in this fight.

Read the stories of some of the people who hope the court will decide in their favor here.

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7:01 a.m. - DOMA: Explained

ABC's Chris Good and Ariane de Vogue explain what today's case is all about:

Since 1996, the federal government has defined marriage as between a man and a woman.

That could change if proponents of gay marriage succeed before the Supreme Court.

For the second straight day, the nation's highest court will hear arguments in a high-profile case on gay marriage, one of the hottest social issues in America.

Today, they will hear arguments in a challenge to the Defense of Marriage Act, the 1996 law signed by President Bill Clinton that defined marriage as heterosexual and denied federal benefits to gay couples, who are legally married in their state.

Between the two cases, the Supreme Court could issue a landmark ruling on gay marriage by the end of June.

The DOMA challenge was brought by Edie Windsor, an 83-year-old woman from New York who married Thea Clara Spyer in 2007. After Spyer's death in 2009, Windsor was denied an exemption of federal estate taxes.

Read more on DOMA from Good and de Vogue here.

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Also Read

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/live-updates-day-2-gay-marriage-supreme-court-111019716--abc-news-politics.html

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Obesity may be linked to microorganisms living in the gut

Mar. 26, 2013 ? How much a person eats may be only one of many factors that determines weight gain. A recent Cedars-Sinai study suggests that a breath test profile of microorganisms inhabiting the gut may be able to tell doctors how susceptible a person is to developing obesity.

The study, published online Thursday by The Endocrine Society's Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, shows that people whose breath has high concentrations of both hydrogen and methane gasses are more likely to have a higher body mass index and higher percentage of body fat.

"This is the first large-scale human study to show an association between gas production and body weight -- and this could prove to be another important factor in understanding one of the many causes of obesity," said lead author Ruchi Mathur, MD, director of the Diabetes Outpatient Treatment and Education Center in the Division of Endocrinology at Cedars-Sinai.

The study, which will also appear in JCEM's April 2013 issue, analyzed the breath content of 792 people. Based on the breath tests, four patterns emerged. The subjects either had normal breath content, higher concentrations of methane, higher levels of hydrogen, or higher levels of both gases. Those who tested positive for high concentrations of both gases had significantly higher body mass indexes and higher percentages of body fat.

The presence of methane is associated with a microorganism called Methanobrevibacter smithii. This organism is responsible for the majority of methane production in the human host.

"Usually, the microorganisms living in the digestive tract benefit us by helping convert food into energy. However, when this particular organism -- M. smithii -- becomes overabundant, it may alter this balance in a way that causes someone to be more likely to gain weight," Mathur said.

These organisms scavenge hydrogen from other microbes and use it to produce methane -- which is eventually exhaled by the host. Researchers theorize this interaction helps neighboring hydrogen-producing bacteria thrive and extract nutrients from food more efficiently. Over time, this may contribute to weight gain.

"Essentially, it could allow a person to harvest more calories from their food," Mathur said.

In an ongoing study funded by the American Diabetes Association, Mathur is working to confirm the link between M. smithii, obesity and pre-diabetic conditions by determining how efficiently people digest food before and after eliminating the microorganism with a targeted dose of antibiotic. Participants who have evidence of methane on their breath are given a standard diet over three days, undergo an oral glucose challenge, and swallow a "smart pill" to track how fast the food moves through their bodies. In addition, their stool is collected and sent for calorie analysis allowing researchers to determine how many calories are being harvested during digestion. Participants then repeat the same tests after taking the antibiotic regimen to see if elimination of the organism results in measureable changes.

"This should let us know just how energy balance is affected by M. smithii," Mathur said, "We're only beginning to understand the incredibly complex communities that live inside of us. If we can understand how they affect our metabolism, we may be able to work with these microscopic communities to positively impact our health."

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Cedars-Sinai Medical Center.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.

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Journal Reference:

1. Ruchi Mathur et al. Methane and Hydrogen Positivity on Breath Test is Associated with Greater Body Mass Index and Body Fat. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2013; (in press)

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/health_medicine/nutrition/~3/1rYGnU62ogc/130326095058.htm

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From 'Star Wars' To 'Indiana Jones': Harrison Ford Weighs 'Ambitious' Sequels

Han Solo actor tells MTV News he's considering returning for sequels like 'Blade Runner.'
By Kevin P. Sullivan, with reporting by Todd Gilchrist

Harrison Ford
Photo: MTV News

Source: http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1704441/harrison-ford-star-wars-indiana-jones.jhtml

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Early Learning for Babies and Toddlers

Posted: Tue 4:34 AM, Mar 26, 2013

Updated: Tue 10:30 AM, Mar 26, 2013

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Early education and intervention specialists say just talking to your child will help stimulate their brain's ability to think and problem solve. With that, studies show they'll be less likely to develop a childhood learning disability.

"They may not pay attention or understand, but they are learning," said mom, SheRae Hunter.

That's why she and her husband, Kyle, have been reading books and stories to their now 16-month-old son, Zecharaiah, every day since he was born.

"It does help their mind develop, it does help their speech and vocabulary develop," said SheRae Hunter.

"I think that we weren't even thinking too much about the learning disabilities, we were just trying to help him develop and thought it was a good thing to do," said Kyle Hunter.

And reading to your child is one of the best things to do.

"Read to your child," said Infant and Toddler Connection local system manager, Sharlene Stowers. "Read to your baby, even when they're teeny, tiny, read to them. Point out pictures in the books."

That's exactly what the Hunter family does. They say Zecharaiah surprises them with new things he learns every day.

"Learning to go up a step or learning to open something he's never opened before," said SheRae Hunter.

The Hunters spend nearly five hours a day playing, reading and spending one-on-one time with their son. Studies show that interacting with them on their level also helps them learn.

"One of the things that we do is to try to teach parents that they can use their regular daily activities and turn them into a fun, educational, playful experience for their child without having to do anything special," said Stowers.

That can be anything from folding laundry to cooking dinner.

"Certainly you're never going to be able to do it 100%, but just to be aware," said Stowers.

Another thing the Infant and Toddler Connection of Shenandoah Valley suggests parents be aware of is when their TV is on. They say kids under two-years shouldn't watch any TV because the screen isn't healthy for brain development. They also advice parents to be cautious of learning programs that are marketed for babies.

"Things like Baby Einstein and 'Your Baby Can Read' and those products, actually they do not help language development. They actually can also decrease language development in your child because a child's brain is wired to listen to a normal, natural voice. So they perceive things differently when it's an automated, electronic voice," said Stowers.

The Federal Trade Commission filed false advertising charges against the marketers of "Your Baby Can Read." Last July, the company announced they were going out of business.

? Copyright 2013 TV3 Winchester / Gray Television Group, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Source: http://www.tv3winchester.com/home/headlines/Early-Learning-for-Babies-and-Toddlers-199988721.html

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5 Simple Steps In Choosing A Blog Topic | Home Improvement ...

Are you about to start a blog? Remember that before you try to check your cPanel settings or input some HTML codes just to create a blog site, it is best that you determine what your niche blog is all about. Many people are drawn into blogging but aren?t sure about what they want to write about. If in case you are quite clueless then red on my friend. Here is a step-by-step guide on how to find out the best blog topic for you.

Remember that a blog should have a main theme and this is where you have to think of a blog topic . This is where your brain would work with regards to creating various blog entries. A parenting blog, for instance, generally showcases tips on parenting, daily living with kids and homemaking. The blog topic also plays a role in domain nomenclature for consistency, unless you decide to use your-own-name-dot-com. So, let?s get started.

Step 1 Show of hands ? The first part of any decision making process is laying down the choices. It is a great idea to take note of all the topics you would want to consider without compromising its doability (you will determine that later on). Remember that it?s always an excellent idea to open out all of your options for your blog topic. Put all of the topics you have produced in your mind then simply decide what?s the best blog topic for your blog site.

Step 2 Elimination ? Narrow down the topic list based on two things: what you know and what you are interested in learning more on. It should cut down the list by half. Of course you don?t want to start with a blog topic that?s totally unknown to you. Just be on the safe side just to make sure you don?t end up failing in your blog content.

Step 3 Elimination, round 2 ? Selecting a blog topic is just like selecting the winner for X Factor (blog). Well, it?s just fine for you to eliminate some of the potential topics you?ve selected. Maybe you can save the rejects for a future blog project. Consequently, decide on the blog topic you have chosen to follow. Some of the types of blog topics you would want to consider are: travel blogs, food blog, information blog and many more. Once you pick out your kind of blog type, you can narrow down your list once again.

Step 4 Do your niche research ? It?s now time to do a little bit of research from your handful of finalists. This is where you will put up your online business(Indeed, blogs can make you money after all) and see your competition online if it is quite saturated already in the online market. Think of ways on how you can stand out against your competitors my friend. This is the right timing in which you have to come up with a great blog topic to create a unique and yet feasible niche. For example, you can do a blog on Tropical Miniature Fish Preservation or on being a Sporty Wiccan Mom. Yeah, I just made those up, but it?s an example of how wild your blog topic combination can be.

Step 5 Think ahead ? Are you thinking about how you can be ahead of the competition in the future for your blog expansion? Do you want to be successful in making money in your blog? Do you want people to be ?in the know?? Do you want your blog to be part of a good cause? Consider these questions then know the answer after you have enhanced your blog site for continuous success. If you don?t, the blog might turn out to be just another collection of mishmash thoughts.

Once you?ve figured out your blog topic, writing new entries should be a breeze~As soon as you have a blog topic to cover, creating innovative entries would be that easy~When you have already decided for a blog topic, creating fresh articles would be simple}. For a blogger. there?s nothing more fulfilling than pouring your heart out on your blog while inspiring other people at the same time.

Learn?how to start a blog, get people to read and share your blog, and make money from blogging with a step-by-step tutorial at howtostartablog.com.

Source: http://marrienarvez.4ove.com/5-simple-steps-in-choosing-a-blog-topic/

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New process to make nanospheres

Mar. 26, 2013 ? A patent-pending technology to produce nanospheres developed by a research team at North Dakota State University, Fargo, could enable advances across multiple industries, including electronics, manufacturing, and biomedical sectors.

The environmentally-friendly process produces polymer-based nanospheres (tiny microscopic particles) that are uniform in size and shape, while being low-cost and easily reproducible. The process developed at NDSU allows scale-up of operation to high production levels, without requiring specialized manufacturing equipment.

A 3 a.m. Eureka! moment

Dr. Victoria Gelling, associate professor in the Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials at NDSU, had a "Eureka!" moment when she woke early one morning -- 3 a.m., to be precise, an hour when most of us are still sleeping. Dr. Gelling used early morning creativity to imagine a new way to oxidize monomers, which are relatively small and simple molecules, into polymers, which are larger, more complex molecules that can be used to create synthetic materials. Dr. Gelling hypothesized that oxidizing ozone in water might accomplish this task.

Later that day in the lab, Dr. Gelling and her team tested the hypothesis. On the first try, they created a suspension of nearly perfectly rounded, uniformly-sized nanospheres, ranging from 70 to 400 nanometers in diameter. In addition to their uniform size, the nanospheres stay suspended in the solution, and are easily removed using a centrifuge.

"The synthesis of the nanospheres is rather simple, with no other chemicals required other than water, ozone, and the small molecules which will become the polymers," said Dr. Gelling. "We also have tight control of the size, as they are beautiful, perfect marbles."

Given their uniform size and shape, the nanospheres could have uses across multiple industries. According to Dr. Gelling, such nanospheres could be used to: -Produce high-performance electronic devices and energy-efficient digital displays -Create materials with high conductivity and smaller parts for consumer electronics -Deliver medicine directly to diseased cells in the body -Provide antibacterial coating on dressing for wounds -Develop nanosensors to aid in early disease detection -Create coatings that provide increased protection against corrosion and abrasion

The process to develop nanospheres discovered at NDSU's Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials was developed with support under Grant Number W911NF-09-2-0014, awarded by the U. S. Army Research Office.

NDSU's research team for this technology includes Dr. Victoria Gelling, graduate research assistant Abhijit Jagnnath Suryawanshi, Omerga, MS, India; Chris Vetter, MS '11, Moorhead, Minn., and Jessica Lamb, Fargo, N.D., now a graduate student at Cornell University.

The patent pending nanospheres technology is available for licensing/partnering through the NDSU Research Foundation.

A brief video describing the NDSU-developed nanospheres is available at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ndK-NzULfAk

Additional information about this technology and other NDSU innovations available for licensing are available at http://www.ndsuresearchfoundation.org/rft351

About the NDSU Research Foundation The NDSU Research Foundation is an independent, not-for-profit organization that supports NDSU in its teaching, research and public service missions. The Foundation manages the intellectual properties developed by faculty, staff and students doing research at NDSU and facilitates commercialization of these technologies. By commercializing intellectual property, the Foundation is able to create resources that are returned to the individual inventors and to the University to promote continued research. www.ndsuresearchfoundation.org

About North Dakota State University NDSU, Fargo, North Dakota, USA, is notably listed among the top 108 U.S. public and private universities in the Carnegie Commission on Higher Education's category of "Research Universities/Very High Research Activity." As a student-focused, land grant, research institution, NDSU is listed in the Top 100 research universities in the U.S. for R&D in computer science, chemistry, physical sciences, psychology, social sciences, and agricultural sciences, based on research expenditures reported to the National Science Foundation. www.ndsu.edu/research

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Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/~3/JxMk7tJ3jC0/130326162201.htm

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Curve Appeal: Do Men Know Something About Women's Bodies ...

I?ll be the first to admit it: I am sort of a sucker for consumer-friendly psychology magazines. Publications like Psychology Today are full of articles I either enjoy reading or using as fire kindling. Or, when I am really irritated by the content, writing articles on the topic. Like this one.

The article, published in Psychology Today, is titled ?Ahead of the Curves? and the brilliant tagline? ?Men know something vital about women?s body shapes that women don?t. Plus: How big hips make wise women.?

It is six pages long and features illustrations of women who look more like playmates than the women who have the aforementioned ?big hips? and are ?wise? because of it. One of the illustrations boasts a sexy blonde wearing a pastel-pretty bra and tight briefs. She is pursing her red lips ? ready to kiss! She is rather revolting and her hips, well, they certainly are not wise.

That alone is irritating but this is the part that really makes me question my taste in literature: This lengthy article is written by two men.

Their respective names and impressive education are listed in very small font. I wondered: How can these two men possibly educate and enlighten women on their sex appeal and bodies? Well, they certainly gave it a good shot. But not good enough.

The first paragraph states that ?American males, it has been calculated, spend some $3 billion a year to gaze at women with hourglass figures, those whose small waists blossom into sinuously curvy hips.?

My first thought? Where does this ?calculation? come from? Furthermore, how does gazing at women connect to ?$3 billion a year?? They don?t explain this. Maybe men take time off work to gawk at women? Unlikely.

I have to give credit where credit is due: They do include research done by the late Deborah Sing ? 20 years ago. This is the only mention of a female contribution to the piece and does not extend past one measly paragraph which tells the eager reader: ?. . .Men all around the world. . .Prefer a similar shape.?

We are then told that when men view a curvy woman their brains respond in a similar fashion to cocaine and heroin. Hmm. That?s a strange statement with no research provided to the reader.

Even so, the following paragraph takes the cake:

Even a thin woman carries an astonishing amount of fat in her legs and hips?about a third of her body weight. Men everywhere admire the fat located here. . .Only bears ready to hibernate, penguins facing a sunless winter without food, or whales swimming in the arctic waters have fat percentages that approach those in normal, healthy, trim young women.

Well, that?s lovely! Female readers have now been compared to bears, penguins and whales. Furthermore, the word ?astonishing? used in relation to our apparent ?fat? probably does not make us smile. I am currently grimacing.

For diversity?s sake (or perhaps the editor was concerned about backlash from readers) a few paragraphs are devoted to explaining that American women are in dire need of more omega-3s.

Unfortunately, I believe more women have read this article than men. The pages are laced with bright pink script. I kid you not. Literature like this confuses both genders and, in my humble and currently sarcastic opinion, the size of my hips does not make me ?wise.? And neither did reading this article.

Reference

Lassek, W. & Gaulin, S. (2012, August). Ahead of the curves. Psychology Today, 45(4), 74-77.

?

Natalie Jeanne Champagne is the author of The Third Sunrise: A Memoir of Madness. You can learn about Natalie and the book on her website at www.thethirdsunrise.com

Like this author?
Catch up on other posts by NatalieJeanne Champagne (or subscribe to their feed).

????Last reviewed: By John M. Grohol, Psy.D. on 25 Mar 2013
????Published on PsychCentral.com. All rights reserved.

APA Reference
Champagne, N. (2013). Curve Appeal: Do Men Know Something About Women?s Bodies That Women Do Not?. Psych Central. Retrieved on March 26, 2013, from http://psychcentral.com/blog/archives/2013/03/25/curve-appeal-do-men-know-something-about-womens-bodies-that-women-do-not/

?

Source: http://psychcentral.com/blog/archives/2013/03/25/curve-appeal-do-men-know-something-about-womens-bodies-that-women-do-not/

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Pets killed by the bird poisoners | Raptor Persecution Scotland

Pets killed by the bird?poisoners

There?s an article in the Express today talking about pets that have been poisoned by gamekeepers (see here). According to the article, ?new figures show 60 dogs and 28 cats have been poisoned in the last decade?. Unfortunately, the article doesn?t tell us who published these ?new figures? or on what evidence they?re based.

We do know that pets are poisoned, snared, shot etc by gamekeepers because we?ve read the stories in the newspapers and seen the toxicology reports -??we just aren?t sure about the accuracy of these ?new figures?.

The article goes on to say, ?over the past decade more than 250 protected birds such as golden and white-tailed eagles, peregrine falcons, red kites and buzzards have died and there are fears a child could?fall victim if they touch the bait?. This figure, we know, is?definitely an?underestimate of the number of raptors?poisoned over the last decade.

The main thrust of the article is based around last week?s news that?the UK government has decided to ignore the Environmental Audit Committee?s recommendations?for?addressing wildlife crime (see here) and how the Opposition are now slagging them off for it.

If you think gamekeepers should be held accountable for what they get up, please sign this e-petition: HERE.

Source: http://raptorpersecutionscotland.wordpress.com/2013/03/24/pets-killed-by-the-bird-poisoners/

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Will 3D Printers Manufacture Your Meals?

These days, 3D printers are laying down plastics, metals, resins, and other materials in whatever configurations creative people can dream up. But when the next 3D printing revolution comes, you'll be able to eat it.

Engineers and gourmands alike are dabbling with edible substances as raw materials for 3D printing. Among their hoped-for results: previously unachievable food shapes and textures, personalized grub, and varied menus on future long-term voyages to Mars. "There is some very cool stuff going on," says Jeffrey Lipton, CTO of Seraph Robotics and a Ph.D. candidate at Cornell University.

Edible 3D printing emerged several years ago with Cornell's Fab@Home printer, which won a 2007 Popular Mechanics Breakthrough Award. The syringe-based machine works like an inkjet printer, depositing layers of viscous liquids to build up an object according to a user's uploaded design. Cornell researchers posted the Fab@Home blueprints online, much to the delight of tinkerers the world over. "People started experimenting, putting in different things like epoxies and silicones," Lipton says. "Then we started seeing what other people did when they went into their kitchens, things like Cheese Whiz, Nutella and frosting . . . You can extrude anything through it." Lipton says wild new shapes and textures for artisanal purposes might serve as some of 3D food printing's first, albeit limited, commercial successes. "You could see food tchotchkes find a little niche. We've pretty much exhausted every known process for inventing new foods."

In fact, foods created by printers have already hit shelves. "A lot of people don't know this, but all the microwave pancakes available in supermarkets in the Netherlands are printed," says Kjeld van Bommel, a researcher at the Dutch Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO in Dutch). Van Bommel calls the pancakes "two-and-a-half-D-printing," because they are formed through a single deposition of batter. Other products out there meet the definition of 3D printing, or additive manufacturing. The U.K.'s Choc Edge, for example, sells printers that melt chocolate and pile it up in layers to create custom shapes. This past Valentine's Day, FabCafe in Japan crafted 3D-printed chocolate faces of customers' significant others. Last summer, Google introduced 3D-printed pasta in its employee cafeteria.

These early examples have all used simple, processed, single-ingredient pastes, powders or purees. No one is yet able to manufacture anything as diverse as, say, a burger with all the fixings. Cobbling together all the different ingredients and structures, given varying temperature requirements and sterility needs, is truly daunting. "Making one grain of wheat is a hell of a lot more complex than doing anything with wheat flour," van Bommel says. And in many cases, it doesn't yet make economic sense to try. "If a complex structure already exists in nature, like a lettuce leaf, why would you want to print it?" says van Bommel.

So rather than reinventing an organic object, van Bommel says one of the promises of 3D food printing is to create novel consumables with personalized nutritional content. "You can add extra calcium or omega-3 fatty acids, and all done in a patient-specific way," he says. To this end, his group is researching 3D food printing to help nursing home residents who suffer from dysphagia and have trouble chewing and swallowing food. These elderly people typically get their meals in the form of an unappealing milkshake of pureed chicken and broccoli, for example, leading to loss of appetite and malnourishment. Van Bommel has a grant from the European Union to develop 3D-printable soft replacement foods loaded with nutrients.

Printed foods could also use smarter, more sustainable caloric sources, such as algae protein in place of resource-intensive animal meat. "I'd rather that instead of printing a steak from cow protein, you could make it from algae or insects," van Bommel says. In one example, his group added milled mealworm to a shortbread 3D cookie recipe. "The look [of the worms] put me off, but in the shape of a cookie I'll eat it," van Bommel says. "You eat with your eyes."

But what about the dream of a universal 3D food printer?something like a Star Trek replicator that could fabricate whatever you request? This prospect, while theoretically possible, poses immense challenges, van Bommel notes. "Obviously if you're going for universal 3D food printer, you can't have 50 million cartridges lying around for the moment you want to print a tomato," he says. "It sounds simple to say ?we'll have a fat cartridge,' but there are hundreds of kinds of fats." Instead, he envisions a machine with a limited range of inputs. "Maybe three types of proteins, three types of carbs . . . It could happen, but we would need to know a lot about how to make different types of foods from those building blocks."

A major obstacle for all 3D printing, and especially for that of food, is that the printing process is slow, requiring cooling or curing periods, for example, before more material is deposited. "If I can start a steak and it takes three months to print, no one is going to eat it?it needs to work in minutes or hours," Lipton says.

Some researchers are trying to speed up the process to make 3D-printed food more realistic. Van Bommel's TNO has a process that uses a laser-based technique to locally cook the food (the company used it to cook an egg white into the world's smallest fried egg, less than an inch across). TNO recently demonstrated a machine called PrintValley that aims to accelerate the process. PrintValley runs 100 platforms under deposition nozzles consecutively, assembly-line-style, building up 100 objects about a square inch in size in less than 10 minutes, or about 6 seconds per widget. "We developed this to show it doesn't need to take so long to print a 3D object," van Bommel says.

Printing food in 3D isn't quite practical in most places, at least not yet. But there's one place where it could make a major meal-making difference: in space. Michelle Terfansky recently explored this concept in a master's degree project at the University of Southern California. Terfansky heard how astronauts on the International Space Station get bored with the regular weekly meal rotations; travelers on a future journey of many months to Mars will deal with similar cabin fever. Three-dimensional printers could let friends and family on Earth transmit recipes to break the tedium. Storage-space-wise, 3D printers could allow for a wide variety of dishes without having to stockpile pieces of animal carcasses and heaps of vegetables. "It's a very basic way of making people happy and feel at home, whether on the Moon or Mars or an asteroid," Terfansky says. "It's a morale booster."

But there's one more important area?perhaps the most important area?where 3D food printing will need to improve to be a factor in the future of food, and that is taste. Lipton notes that some of the lab-grown, 3D printed meat stand-ins have been dubbed "shmeat," in a crudely obvious portmanteau. To address this issue, TNO is teaming up with a culinary school to devise more gastronomically advanced and delicious offerings. "As long as it looks okay and it's not toxic, we call it 3D printed food," jokes van Bommel. "But the recipes could be optimized a lot further. We're technicians, not cooks."

Source: http://www.popularmechanics.com/science/will-3d-printers-manufacture-your-meals-15265101?src=rss

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